什么是“中国画”？
中国画，又称“国画”，是中国传统绘画形式，具有悠久的历史和独特的审美体系。它强调“以形写神”、“气韵生动”，常用毛笔、墨、宣纸或绢作画。
Chinese Painting (also known as Guohua) is a traditional form of Chinese art with a long history and a unique aesthetic system. It emphasizes “capturing the spirit through form” and “vivid rhythm and vitality,” typically using brushes, ink, and paper or silk.
主要类型
山水画 (Shān Shuǐ Huà)
描绘自然山川河流，体现“天人合一”的哲学思想。
Landscape painting – depicts mountains and rivers, reflecting the philosophy of harmony between humanity and nature.
花鸟画 (Huā Niǎo Huà)
以花卉、鸟类为题材，象征吉祥与生命力。
Flower-and-bird painting – features flora and fauna, symbolizing auspiciousness and vitality.
人物画 (Rén Wù Huà)
刻画人物形象，注重神态与内在精神。
Figure painting – portrays human subjects, emphasizing expression and inner spirit.
核心技法与工具
中国画使用“文房四宝”：笔、墨、纸、砚。技法包括“皴法”、“点染”、“泼墨”等，追求留白与意境。
Chinese painting relies on the “Four Treasures of the Study”: brush, ink, paper, and inkstone. Techniques include texture strokes (cun fa), dotting, ink wash, and splashed ink, all aiming to evoke emptiness and poetic resonance.
著名画家与作品
如宋代范宽《溪山行旅图》、元代黄公望《富春山居图》、近代齐白石的虾蟹图等，均为中国画史上的瑰宝。
Masterpieces include Fan Kuan’s Travelers among Mountains and Streams (Song Dynasty), Huang Gongwang’s Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains (Yuan Dynasty), and Qi Baishi’s shrimp paintings (modern era)—all treasures of Chinese art history.