“couldn't help to do” 和 “couldn't help doing” 的区别
在英语学习中,很多同学会混淆 “couldn't help to do” 和 “couldn't help doing” 的用法。其实,这两种结构在语义和语法上存在明显差异。本文将为你详细解析它们的区别,并提供实用例句。
1. 正确用法:couldn't help doing
✅ “couldn't help doing” 是标准且地道的表达,意思是“忍不住做某事”或“情不自禁地做某事”。
• I couldn't help laughing when I saw the funny video.
(看到那个搞笑视频时,我忍不住笑了。)
• She couldn't help crying after hearing the sad news.
(听到这个悲伤的消息后,她忍不住哭了。)
2. 错误用法:couldn't help to do
❌ 在现代标准英语中,“couldn't help to do” 通常被认为是不正确的。动词 “help” 在此结构中后接动名词(doing),而非不定式(to do)。
⚠️ 注意:虽然极少数古旧文本或方言中可能出现 “help to do”,但在当代英语考试(如雅思、托福、四六级)和日常交流中,应避免使用 “couldn't help to do”。
3. 为什么是 doing 而不是 to do?
这是因为 “can't/couldn't help” 是一个固定搭配,其后必须接动名词(-ing 形式),表示“无法控制自己去做某事”。这与 “enjoy doing”、“avoid doing” 等动词后接动名词的规则一致。
- help → 后接 doing(在 can't/couldn't help 结构中)
- not a choice → 表示一种不由自主的行为
4. 常见错误对比
| 错误表达 ❌ |
正确表达 ✅ |
| I couldn't help to laugh. |
I couldn't help laughing. |
| He couldn't help to smile. |
He couldn't help smiling. |
5. 小测验(自我检测)
判断以下句子是否正确:
- She couldn't help to sing when she heard her favorite song. (错误)
- They couldn't help cheering for their team. (正确)