一、规则动词：-ed 结尾（过去式 / 过去分词）
- played
- walked
- talked
- cleaned
- watched
- helped
- opened
- closed
- needed
- started
- finished
- studied
- carried
- tried
- stopped
例句：She played the piano yesterday.（她昨天弹了钢琴。）
二、规则动词：-ing 结尾（现在分词 / 动名词）
- playing
- walking
- talking
- cleaning
- watching
- helping
- opening
- closing
- needing
- starting
- finishing
- studying
- carrying
- trying
- stopping
例句：He is walking to school now.（他正在走路去学校。）
三、常见不规则动词（含 -ed 形式）
- go → went → gone
- see → saw → seen
- take → took → taken
- make → made → made
- come → came → come
- give → gave → given
- write → wrote → written
- break → broke → broken
- speak → spoke → spoken
- drive → drove → driven
注意：不规则动词的过去分词不一定以 -ed 结尾，但常用于完成时和被动语态。
四、-ed 与 -ing 形容词的区别
许多动词可转化为形容词，但含义不同：
- bored（感到无聊的） vs boring（令人无聊的）
- excited（兴奋的） vs exciting（令人兴奋的）
- interested（感兴趣的） vs interesting（有趣的）
- tired（疲倦的） vs tiring（令人疲倦的）
- surprised（惊讶的） vs surprising（令人惊讶的）
例句：The movie was boring, so I felt bored.（电影很无聊，所以我感到无聊。）