that、it、one 的区别详解

在英语学习中,thatitone 都是常见的代词,但它们的用法和含义各不相同。本文将通过清晰的解释和实用例句,帮助你准确区分这三者。

1. it 的用法

it 通常指代上文提到的同一个事物(同名同物),具有特指性。

I bought a new phone. It is very fast.
(我买了一部新手机。很快。→ 指的就是“那部新手机”)

2. that 的用法

that 常用于指代上文中提到的同类但不同个体的事物,多用于比较结构中,强调“那个”。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.
(北京的天气比广州的(天气)更冷。→ that = the weather)

注意:that 通常带有定冠词含义,指特定的同类事物。

3. one 的用法

one 指代上文中提到的同类中的任意一个(泛指),常用于可数名词单数。

I don’t like this shirt. Do you have a blue one?
(我不喜欢这件衬衫。你们有蓝色的(一件)吗?→ one = a blue shirt)

复数形式为 ones

These apples are sour. Give me the sweet ones.
(这些苹果很酸。给我那些甜的(苹果)。)

4. 三者对比总结

— I have a car.
— Is it expensive? (指你的那辆车)
— My car is cheaper than that of my brother. (that = my brother’s car,特指)
— I want to buy a new one. (one = a new car,泛指一辆新车)

5. 常见错误提醒

❌ 错误:I like this pen. Do you have a red it?
✅ 正确:I like this pen. Do you have a red one?

❌ 错误:The population of China is larger than it of India.
✅ 正确:The population of China is larger than that of India.