在英语学习中,that、it 和 one 都是常见的代词,但它们的用法和含义各不相同。本文将通过清晰的解释和实用例句,帮助你准确区分这三者。
1. it 的用法
it 通常指代上文提到的同一个事物(同名同物),具有特指性。
I bought a new phone. It is very fast.
(我买了一部新手机。它很快。→ 指的就是“那部新手机”)
2. that 的用法
that 常用于指代上文中提到的同类但不同个体的事物,多用于比较结构中,强调“那个”。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.
(北京的天气比广州的(天气)更冷。→ that = the weather)
注意:that 通常带有定冠词含义,指特定的同类事物。
3. one 的用法
one 指代上文中提到的同类中的任意一个(泛指),常用于可数名词单数。
I don’t like this shirt. Do you have a blue one?
(我不喜欢这件衬衫。你们有蓝色的(一件)吗?→ one = a blue shirt)
复数形式为 ones:
These apples are sour. Give me the sweet ones.
(这些苹果很酸。给我那些甜的(苹果)。)
4. 三者对比总结
it:指代同一个具体事物(同名同物)
that:指代同类中的特定事物(常用于比较,不可数或单数)
one:指代同类中的任意一个(泛指,可数单数)
— I have a car.
— Is it expensive? (指你的那辆车)
— My car is cheaper than that of my brother. (that = my brother’s car,特指)
— I want to buy a new one. (one = a new car,泛指一辆新车)
5. 常见错误提醒
❌ 错误:I like this pen. Do you have a red it?
✅ 正确:I like this pen. Do you have a red one?
❌ 错误:The population of China is larger than it of India.
✅ 正确:The population of China is larger than that of India.