Introduction
Composed around 1783, Piano Sonata No. 11 in A major, K. 331 is one of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s most beloved works for solo piano. Unlike traditional sonatas of the time, it opens not with a sonata-allegro movement but with a serene theme and variations.
The sonata consists of three movements, with the final movement—Rondo alla Turca (Turkish March)—being among the most recognizable pieces in classical music.
Movements
- Andante grazioso – A lyrical theme followed by six elegant variations.
- Menuetto – A graceful minuet and trio in A minor.
- Rondo alla Turca: Allegretto – A lively, percussive finale imitating Turkish Janissary bands.
Did you know? The "Turkish" style was fashionable in late 18th-century Europe. Mozart used rhythmic patterns and percussive effects to mimic the sound of Ottoman military bands—a trend known as Turquerie.
Listen to the Music
Rondo alla Turca performed by Wilhelm Kempff
Audio source: Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain)
Historical Significance
Though not published during Mozart’s lifetime, K. 331 quickly gained popularity after his death. Its accessibility and melodic charm have made it a favorite among both amateur and professional pianists.
The Rondo alla Turca has appeared in countless films, commercials, and pop culture references—solidifying its place as a symbol of classical music itself.