need to do 与 need doing 用法详解

引言

在英语学习中,“need” 是一个常用动词,但它后面接 “to do” 还是 “doing” 常常让人困惑。其实,这两种结构在语义和用法上存在微妙但重要的区别。本文将为你详细解析。

1. need to do(主动含义)

当主语是“人”时,通常使用 need to do,表示“某人需要去做某事”,强调主动行为。

I need to clean my room.(我需要打扫我的房间。)
She needs to finish her homework before dinner.

2. need doing(被动含义)

当主语是“物”时,常用 need doing,这实际上是 need to be done 的简洁表达,表示“某事需要被做”,具有被动含义。

The car needs washing. = The car needs to be washed.(这辆车需要洗了。)
Your hair needs cutting. = Your hair needs to be cut.
⚠️ 注意:这种结构多用于英式英语,在美式英语中有时会更倾向于使用 “need to be + 过去分词”。

3. 对比总结

4. 常见错误示例

❌ 错误:The window needs to clean.(窗子需要被擦,但用了主动形式)

✅ 正确:The window needs cleaning. 或 The window needs to be cleaned.

❌ 错误:I need washing the dishes.(“我”不是被洗的对象)

✅ 正确:I need to wash the dishes.

5. 小测验(JavaScript 交互)

判断以下句子是否正确: