什么是 “need to do” 和 “need doing”？
在英语中，“need” 后面可以接 to do（不定式）或 doing（动名词），但两者含义和用法不同。
简单来说：
- need to do：主语主动去做某事（强调动作执行者）。
- need doing：某事需要被做（隐含被动含义，常用于无生命主语）。
详细用法解析
1. “need to do” —— 主动语态
当主语是人，并且要亲自完成某个动作时，使用 need to do。
I need to clean my room.
She needs to finish her homework.
She needs to finish her homework.
2. “need doing” —— 被动含义（= need to be done）
当主语是物，且该事物“需要被处理”时，常用 need doing，相当于被动语态。
The car needs washing. (= The car needs to be washed.)
Your hair needs cutting. (= Your hair needs to be cut.)
Your hair needs cutting. (= Your hair needs to be cut.)
注意：这种结构多用于英式英语，在美式英语中更倾向使用 need to be done。
常见错误与注意事项
- ❌ “The window needs to clean.” → ✅ “The window needs cleaning.” 或 “The window needs to be cleaned.”
- ✅ “He needs to study harder.”（正确，主语是人）
- ✅ “The report needs finishing by Friday.”（正确，报告需要被完成）
小测验
请选择正确的句子：