Gravitational Potential Energy

What Is Gravitational Potential Energy?

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field. The higher an object is above a reference point (usually the ground), the more gravitational potential energy it has.

This form of energy is crucial in physics, engineering, and everyday phenomena—from roller coasters to hydroelectric dams.

The Formula

The gravitational potential energy near Earth's surface is calculated using:

• m = mass of the object (in kilograms)
• g = acceleration due to gravity (≈ 9.8 m/s² on Earth)
• h = height above the reference point (in meters)

Real-World Examples

• A book on a high shelf has more GPE than one on the floor.
• Water held behind a dam stores massive GPE, converted to kinetic energy to generate electricity.
• A roller coaster at the top of a hill has maximum GPE before descending.
• When you lift a backpack, you do work against gravity—storing energy as GPE.

Interactive Calculator

Enter values to calculate gravitational potential energy: