词根 “gage” 详解
什么是词根 “gage”?
词根 “gage” 源自古法语和日耳曼语,本义为“抵押、担保、承诺”。
它常出现在与“保证、责任、契约”相关的英语单词中,体现了语言中对信任与承诺的表达。
常见派生词
Engagement – 承诺;订婚;参与
例句: Their engagement was announced in the local newspaper.
Mortgage – 抵押贷款(mort = 死 + gage = 担保 → “死担保”,即还清为止)
例句: They took out a mortgage to buy their first house.
Pledge – 誓言;保证;抵押品
例句: He made a pledge to donate $ 1,000 to the charity.
Guarantee – 保证;担保书(guar = war/保护 + antee = gage 变体)
例句: The company offers a lifetime guarantee on its products.
Wage – 工资(原意为“抵押劳动换取报酬”)
例句: She earns a fair wage for her work.
词源小知识
“Gage” 最早可追溯至中古英语 wedde(意为“质押”),后经古法语 gage 进入英语。
在中世纪,人们常用物品作为“gage”来担保债务或承诺,这一概念深深影响了现代英语词汇的构成。
学习提示
- 遇到含 “-gage” 或 “-gee” 的词时,可联想“承诺、担保”之意。
- 结合词根 mort-(死亡)理解 mortgage:直到“死亡”才解除的担保。
- 注意拼写变体,如 -gee(employee)、-ge(wage)等。